F. Brian Pascual1, D. Rebecca Prevots
1, Mark A. Pallansch
1, Mary Lu Angelilli
2, Noreen A. Selewski
2, Robert Brayden
3, Mark H. Sawyer
4, Jennifer L. Knauss
4, Matilde Irigoyen
5, and Kevin Stambaugh
5. (1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, USA, (2) Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA, (3) The Children's Hospital, Denver, CO, USA, (4) Partnership of Immunization Providers, Community Pediatrics, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0927, La Jolla, CA, USA, (5) Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC 412, New York, New York, USA
KEYWORDS:
Poliomyelitis, OPV, IPV, Seroprevalence
BACKGROUND:
Between 1997-2000, the recommendations for childhood polio vaccination transitioned from an all-OPV to an all-IPV schedule. As a result of this change, antibody seroprevalence to polioviruses might decline from 1) reduced boosting by secondary OPV exposure, and/or 2) decreased polio immunization if added injections with IPV were deferred.
OBJECTIVE(S):
To identify changes in seroprevalence to polioviruses 1, 2, and 3 among annual cohorts of inner-city children.
METHOD(S):
We enrolled a convenience sample of children aged 19-35 months attending an outpatient clinic at each of 4 cities: New York City, Detroit, Denver, and San Diego. Three periods were defined for analysis: 9/97-8/98, 9/98-8/99, and 9/99-8/00. We collected one serum sample per child. A neutralization titer ³1:8 defined a seropositive titer. We assessed vaccination coverage from vaccination cards and provider records.
RESULT(S):
We tested sera from 2,264 children, median 791/period. Coverage with ³3 doses of polio vaccine during periods 1-3 was 91.3%, 92.5%, 92.1%, respectively. Among children with ³3 doses during periods 1-3, the proportion with all-OPV was 92.1%, 60.7%, 15.4%, and with all-IPV was 1.5%, 4.5%, 16.7%, respectively; the proportion with IPV-OPV combinations was 6.4%, 34.8%, 68.0%, respectively. The median seropositivity to each poliovirus type during periods 1-3 was: type 1, 97.4%, 94.8%, 98.0%, type 2, 99.8%, 99.8%, 99.2%, and type 3, 94.1%, 92.3%, 92.8%, respectively. The median seropositivity to polioviruses among children with ³3 IPV during period 3 (n=103) was type1, 100%; type 2, 100%; type 3, 91.7%.
CONCLUSIONS(S):
For the first 3 years of the transition from an all-OPV to an all-IPV schedule, seropositivity to poliovirus types 1-3 was high among these inner-city children regardless of polio vaccination schedule.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
To recognize that seropositivity to polioviruses was high regardless of decreasing exposure to OPV virus and an increased number of injections required by use of IPV.
See more of Haemophilus influenzae, Polio, and Diphtheria: Experience in the US
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