Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has dramatically reduced the incidence of pneumococcal disease in the U.S., not only among children targeted for vaccination but also among those too young or too old to receive the vaccine. In the near future, new pneumococcal vaccines are likely to be available for children and, possibly, for adults. This workshop will emphasize the current state of evaluating pneumococcal vaccine impact, including local, state, and national perspectives. Novel strategies for assessing vaccine impact and state-based immunization programs will be reviewed with an eye toward preparing for the introduction and assessment of new pneumococcal vaccines.