Introduction: Immunobiology of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection and Implications for Control of Chlamydia and Its Sequelae

Substantial, continuing decreases in C. trachomatis infection have not been observed following implementation of chlamydia control programs. It has been hypothesized that programs have shortened the average duration of chlamydia infection through early detection and treatment, which has led to population-wide reductions in protective immunity and an increase in repeat infections. Whether this hypothesis is a reasonable explanation for observed epidemiologic trends has been debated. Nonetheless, it underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between C. trachomatis immunobiology and chlamydia control strategies. Important areas to consider include the nature and timing of C. trachomatis infection clearance, pathogenesis, and protective immunity.